Long-wavelength specular reflectance measurements thus provide a simple and sensitive method for accurate measurement of surface finish. If light of a sufficiently long wavelength is used, the decrease in measured specular reflectance due to surface roughness is a function only of the root mean square height of the surface irregularities.
The expressions are valid for the case when the root mean square surface roughness is small compared to the wavelength of light. This method is particularly effective in the restoration of the π-conjugated structure, and leads to highly soluble and conductive graphene materials.Įxpressions relating the roughness of a plane surface to its specular reflectance at normal incidence are presented and are verified experimentally. Only small amounts of impurities are present in the final product (less than 0.5 wt% of sulfur and nitrogen, compared with about 3 wt% with other chemical reductions). On the basis of this chemical composition, we devised a complete reduction process through chemical conversion by sodium borohydride and sulfuric acid treatment, followed by thermal annealing. By interpreting spectroscopic data in the context of the major functional groups believed to be present in graphite oxide, we now show evidence for the presence of five- and six-membered-ring lactols. Although epoxy and hydroxyl groups are widely accepted as its main functionalities, the complete structure of graphite oxide has remained elusive. Graphite oxide is one of the main precursors of graphene-based materials, which are highly promising for various technological applications because of their unusual electronic properties. KeywordsFlexible–inkjet printing–solution-processed–graphene–conductive patterns–applications Potential for the convenient fabrication of flexible and low-cost graphene-based electronic devices, by using a simple inkjet That graphene materials-which can be easily produced on a large scale and possess outstanding electronic properties-have great The graphene-based patterns printed on plastic substrates demonstrated a high electricalĬonductivity after thermal reduction, and more importantly, they retained the same conductivity over severe bending cycles.Īccordingly, flexible electric circuits and a hydrogen peroxide chemical sensor were fabricated and showed excellent performances,ĭemonstrating the applications of this simple and practical inkjet printing technique using graphene inks. On diverse flexible substrates, including paper, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyimide (PI), with a simple and Single-layered graphene oxide (GO) and few-layered graphene oxide (FGO), various high image quality patterns could be printed Under optimized conditions, using water-soluble
ELECTRICAL PAPER LOCAD CINEMATOGRAPHY SERIES
From this study, it is proposed to use solvents thatĪre less volatile and allow a greater part of the thinning behavior to occur without significant changes in the fluid propertiesĪ series of inkjet printing processes have been studied using graphene-based inks. The composition gradient established by solvent evaporation during spinning is responsibleįor the slower curing reaction rate of the spin-coated epoxy adhesive. A slower curing reaction rate was observedįor the spin-coated epoxy adhesive. The degree of curing for both spin and without spin-coatedĮpoxy adhesive was measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of spin coating on the curing behavior of the epoxy adhesive. An investigation was carried out on a silicon substrate to study Is influenced by the evaporation of any reactive component. The curing behavior of spin-coated polymeric film Occurs during spinning of the relatively volatile species in any solution. Spin coating is a simple process for rapidly depositing thin, solid polymeric films onto relatively flat substrates.
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